Source: https://developers.google.com/style/hyphens\n\n# Hyphens



      Stay organized with collections



      Save and categorize content based on your preferences.\n\n- Home\n- Products\n- Style\n\n\n## Page Summary\n\n- Hyphens are used to avoid misreading, combine terms, and separate parts of words for clarity.\n- Hyphenate prefixes like self- and cross-, before capitalized nouns or numbers, and in cases of ambiguity.\n- Generally, write compound nouns in closed form, but consult the word list for exceptions or established conventions.\n- Hyphenate compound modifiers before a noun for clarity but avoid those with more than two words.\n- Don't use spaces around hyphens except in suspended hyphens where a space can follow but not precede the hyphen.\n\nHyphens are used to avoid misreading, combine terms, and separate parts of words for clarity.\n\nHyphenate prefixes like self- and cross-, before capitalized nouns or numbers, and in cases of ambiguity.\n\nGenerally, write compound nouns in closed form, but consult the word list for exceptions or established conventions.\n\nHyphenate compound modifiers before a noun for clarity but avoid those with more than two words.\n\nDon't use spaces around hyphens except in suspended hyphens where a space can follow but not precede the hyphen.\n\nUse a hyphen (-) when needed for clarity. A hyphen can separate parts of words to avoid
    misreadings, and it can combine terms when they should be read as a unit.\n\n\n## General guidelines\n\nGuidance for hyphenation isn't always straightforward because it depends on
  the following circumstances:\n\n- Location. For example, does a term precede a noun, or does it follow a
  verb?\n- Interpretation and readability. Is a sentence ambiguous or unclear if a term is
  not hyphenated?\n- Convention. For some terms, our guidance tells us to always hyphenate or
  never hyphenate, even if the convention seems to contradict other guidance.\n\nIn addition, there are many exceptions to general hyphenation guidance. If you're not
  sure whether to hyphenate a term, in addition to reviewing the guidelines on this page, check the
  following sources (in this order):\n\n- The documentation that you're working with. If there's an established
  convention for hyphenating a term in a particular documentation set, follow that
  convention.\n- The word list in this style guide.\n- The Merriam-Webster
  dictionary.\n\nAs always, deviate from our guidance when it serves your readers. For
    more information, see Break the rules.\n\n\n## Prefixes\n\nIn general, don't use a hyphen between a prefix and the main noun.\n\nRecommended: infrastructure,
  megabyte, metadata, preprocessing, pseudocode,
  semiconductor\n\n\n### Exceptions\n\nAdd a hyphen after a prefix in the following circumstances:\n\n- If the prefix is self or cross: self-managing,
    cross-region\n- If the noun is capitalized or is a number: non-Google,
  post-2000\n- To avoid confusion or difficulty in reading: de-energize, intra-index,
    re-mark, re-sign\n- If the prefix is for a term that already has hyphens or spaces:
  un-Google-like, non-twentieth-century\n- To be consistent within a document: pre-processing,
  post-processing\n\n\n### The non prefix\n\nThe non prefix follows the same guidelines, but because it
    can easily form words that are hard to parse, it's often hyphenated. Use your
    best judgment, taking into account consistency within your documentation. The following
    recommendations show contrasting usages that you can use as examples.

  Recommended: noncurrent,
    nonempty, noninteractive, nonpublic
Recommended: non-existence,
    non-integer, non-key, non-managed, non-negative
When using non as a prefix, add a hyphen before hyphenated compound words.
Recommended: non-KSA-based,
    non-self-sustaining

Compounds
A compound is a term that combines more than one word. Compounds can
    be closed as one word with no spaces, open with spaces between
    words, or hyphenated.
Compound nouns
In general, write compound nouns in their closed (one-word, unhyphenated)
    form. If you see that
    Merriam-Webster.com uses the
    two-word or hyphenated form, but you see that the closed form is the
    predominant convention in your context or trending in that direction (as
    compounds often do), then use the closed form.
Recommended: webpage
Recommended: hostname
Recommended: tradeoff
Recommended: workaround
Exceptions
Our word list includes exceptions for
    well-established terms that commonly use a hyphen or a space, such as
    multi-region and style sheet. In some cases, we note that noun,
    verb, and adjective versions of a word are treated differently.

When the components of a unit of measurement are multiplied by each other,
    hyphenate them.
Recommended: 5 vCPU-hours
Recommended: 40 person-hours

Compound modifiers before a noun
If needed for clarity, hyphenate compound modifiers that come before a noun.
  This guideline can be subjective. However, except as noted in
  this section, it's almost never wrong to hyphenate a compound before a
  noun to ensure clarity.
Recommended: A well-designed app
Recommended: Android-specific
    techniques
Use a hyphen after more or most if you need to clarify what
  those words modify.
Recommended: The most common scenario
Recommended: Edge locations with
    more-reliable internet links
In general, avoid writing compound modifiers that have more than two words.
    Instead, move some words after the noun. If you must use this type of
    compound, then use a hyphen between each word as needed for clarity.

    Recommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition
Recommended:
      cross-data-center replication
Not recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases
Exceptions
Don't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.
Recommended: Publicly available
      implementations
Not recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations
Don't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)
Recommended: A machine
      learning model
When a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.
Recommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)
Compound terms after a verb
In general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.
Recommended: The app is well
    designed.
Recommended: The logs are written
    in real time.
Recommended: The product supports
    high availability.
Recommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.
Recommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.
Recommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.
Exceptions
Some compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.
Recommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.
Recommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.
Recommended: This page is
    customer-facing.
Recommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.
Recommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.


Range of numbers
Use a hyphen, not an en dash (–),
      to indicate a range of numbers. If a hyphen introduces ambiguity, use words such as
      from, to, and through for clarity. Don't mix hyphens with words.
      For information about how to represent a range of numbers that includes units, see
      Ranges of numbers with units.
Recommended: 8-20 files
Recommended: 5-10 minutes
Recommended: from 8 to 20 files
Not recommended: from 8-20 files


Spaces around hyphens
Never place a space on either side of a hyphen except when using a
      suspended hyphen, in which case you can leave a space after
      (but not before) the hyphen.


Suspended hyphens
When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, you can keep the
    hyphens but leave out the base for all except the last modifier. In the
    following examples, the base is hour.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one- or two-hour intervals.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one-, two-, or three-hour intervals.\n\nRecommended: noncurrent,
    nonempty, noninteractive, nonpublic
Recommended: non-existence,
    non-integer, non-key, non-managed, non-negative
When using non as a prefix, add a hyphen before hyphenated compound words.
Recommended: non-KSA-based,
    non-self-sustaining

Compounds
A compound is a term that combines more than one word. Compounds can
    be closed as one word with no spaces, open with spaces between
    words, or hyphenated.
Compound nouns
In general, write compound nouns in their closed (one-word, unhyphenated)
    form. If you see that
    Merriam-Webster.com uses the
    two-word or hyphenated form, but you see that the closed form is the
    predominant convention in your context or trending in that direction (as
    compounds often do), then use the closed form.
Recommended: webpage
Recommended: hostname
Recommended: tradeoff
Recommended: workaround
Exceptions
Our word list includes exceptions for
    well-established terms that commonly use a hyphen or a space, such as
    multi-region and style sheet. In some cases, we note that noun,
    verb, and adjective versions of a word are treated differently.

When the components of a unit of measurement are multiplied by each other,
    hyphenate them.
Recommended: 5 vCPU-hours
Recommended: 40 person-hours

Compound modifiers before a noun
If needed for clarity, hyphenate compound modifiers that come before a noun.
  This guideline can be subjective. However, except as noted in
  this section, it's almost never wrong to hyphenate a compound before a
  noun to ensure clarity.
Recommended: A well-designed app
Recommended: Android-specific
    techniques
Use a hyphen after more or most if you need to clarify what
  those words modify.
Recommended: The most common scenario
Recommended: Edge locations with
    more-reliable internet links
In general, avoid writing compound modifiers that have more than two words.
    Instead, move some words after the noun. If you must use this type of
    compound, then use a hyphen between each word as needed for clarity.

    Recommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition
Recommended:
      cross-data-center replication
Not recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases
Exceptions
Don't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.
Recommended: Publicly available
      implementations
Not recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations
Don't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)
Recommended: A machine
      learning model
When a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.
Recommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)
Compound terms after a verb
In general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.
Recommended: The app is well
    designed.
Recommended: The logs are written
    in real time.
Recommended: The product supports
    high availability.
Recommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.
Recommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.
Recommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.
Exceptions
Some compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.
Recommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.
Recommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.
Recommended: This page is
    customer-facing.
Recommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.
Recommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.


Range of numbers
Use a hyphen, not an en dash (–),
      to indicate a range of numbers. If a hyphen introduces ambiguity, use words such as
      from, to, and through for clarity. Don't mix hyphens with words.
      For information about how to represent a range of numbers that includes units, see
      Ranges of numbers with units.
Recommended: 8-20 files
Recommended: 5-10 minutes
Recommended: from 8 to 20 files
Not recommended: from 8-20 files


Spaces around hyphens
Never place a space on either side of a hyphen except when using a
      suspended hyphen, in which case you can leave a space after
      (but not before) the hyphen.


Suspended hyphens
When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, you can keep the
    hyphens but leave out the base for all except the last modifier. In the
    following examples, the base is hour.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one- or two-hour intervals.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one-, two-, or three-hour intervals.\n\nRecommended: non-existence,
    non-integer, non-key, non-managed, non-negative
When using non as a prefix, add a hyphen before hyphenated compound words.
Recommended: non-KSA-based,
    non-self-sustaining

Compounds
A compound is a term that combines more than one word. Compounds can
    be closed as one word with no spaces, open with spaces between
    words, or hyphenated.
Compound nouns
In general, write compound nouns in their closed (one-word, unhyphenated)
    form. If you see that
    Merriam-Webster.com uses the
    two-word or hyphenated form, but you see that the closed form is the
    predominant convention in your context or trending in that direction (as
    compounds often do), then use the closed form.
Recommended: webpage
Recommended: hostname
Recommended: tradeoff
Recommended: workaround
Exceptions
Our word list includes exceptions for
    well-established terms that commonly use a hyphen or a space, such as
    multi-region and style sheet. In some cases, we note that noun,
    verb, and adjective versions of a word are treated differently.

When the components of a unit of measurement are multiplied by each other,
    hyphenate them.
Recommended: 5 vCPU-hours
Recommended: 40 person-hours

Compound modifiers before a noun
If needed for clarity, hyphenate compound modifiers that come before a noun.
  This guideline can be subjective. However, except as noted in
  this section, it's almost never wrong to hyphenate a compound before a
  noun to ensure clarity.
Recommended: A well-designed app
Recommended: Android-specific
    techniques
Use a hyphen after more or most if you need to clarify what
  those words modify.
Recommended: The most common scenario
Recommended: Edge locations with
    more-reliable internet links
In general, avoid writing compound modifiers that have more than two words.
    Instead, move some words after the noun. If you must use this type of
    compound, then use a hyphen between each word as needed for clarity.

    Recommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition
Recommended:
      cross-data-center replication
Not recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases
Exceptions
Don't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.
Recommended: Publicly available
      implementations
Not recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations
Don't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)
Recommended: A machine
      learning model
When a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.
Recommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)
Compound terms after a verb
In general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.
Recommended: The app is well
    designed.
Recommended: The logs are written
    in real time.
Recommended: The product supports
    high availability.
Recommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.
Recommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.
Recommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.
Exceptions
Some compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.
Recommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.
Recommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.
Recommended: This page is
    customer-facing.
Recommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.
Recommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.


Range of numbers
Use a hyphen, not an en dash (–),
      to indicate a range of numbers. If a hyphen introduces ambiguity, use words such as
      from, to, and through for clarity. Don't mix hyphens with words.
      For information about how to represent a range of numbers that includes units, see
      Ranges of numbers with units.
Recommended: 8-20 files
Recommended: 5-10 minutes
Recommended: from 8 to 20 files
Not recommended: from 8-20 files


Spaces around hyphens
Never place a space on either side of a hyphen except when using a
      suspended hyphen, in which case you can leave a space after
      (but not before) the hyphen.


Suspended hyphens
When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, you can keep the
    hyphens but leave out the base for all except the last modifier. In the
    following examples, the base is hour.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one- or two-hour intervals.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one-, two-, or three-hour intervals.\n\nWhen using non as a prefix, add a hyphen before hyphenated compound words.\n\nRecommended: non-KSA-based,
    non-self-sustaining

Compounds
A compound is a term that combines more than one word. Compounds can
    be closed as one word with no spaces, open with spaces between
    words, or hyphenated.
Compound nouns
In general, write compound nouns in their closed (one-word, unhyphenated)
    form. If you see that
    Merriam-Webster.com uses the
    two-word or hyphenated form, but you see that the closed form is the
    predominant convention in your context or trending in that direction (as
    compounds often do), then use the closed form.
Recommended: webpage
Recommended: hostname
Recommended: tradeoff
Recommended: workaround
Exceptions
Our word list includes exceptions for
    well-established terms that commonly use a hyphen or a space, such as
    multi-region and style sheet. In some cases, we note that noun,
    verb, and adjective versions of a word are treated differently.

When the components of a unit of measurement are multiplied by each other,
    hyphenate them.
Recommended: 5 vCPU-hours
Recommended: 40 person-hours

Compound modifiers before a noun
If needed for clarity, hyphenate compound modifiers that come before a noun.
  This guideline can be subjective. However, except as noted in
  this section, it's almost never wrong to hyphenate a compound before a
  noun to ensure clarity.
Recommended: A well-designed app
Recommended: Android-specific
    techniques
Use a hyphen after more or most if you need to clarify what
  those words modify.
Recommended: The most common scenario
Recommended: Edge locations with
    more-reliable internet links
In general, avoid writing compound modifiers that have more than two words.
    Instead, move some words after the noun. If you must use this type of
    compound, then use a hyphen between each word as needed for clarity.

    Recommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition
Recommended:
      cross-data-center replication
Not recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases
Exceptions
Don't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.
Recommended: Publicly available
      implementations
Not recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations
Don't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)
Recommended: A machine
      learning model
When a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.
Recommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)
Compound terms after a verb
In general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.
Recommended: The app is well
    designed.
Recommended: The logs are written
    in real time.
Recommended: The product supports
    high availability.
Recommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.
Recommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.
Recommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.
Exceptions
Some compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.
Recommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.
Recommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.
Recommended: This page is
    customer-facing.
Recommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.
Recommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.


Range of numbers
Use a hyphen, not an en dash (–),
      to indicate a range of numbers. If a hyphen introduces ambiguity, use words such as
      from, to, and through for clarity. Don't mix hyphens with words.
      For information about how to represent a range of numbers that includes units, see
      Ranges of numbers with units.
Recommended: 8-20 files
Recommended: 5-10 minutes
Recommended: from 8 to 20 files
Not recommended: from 8-20 files


Spaces around hyphens
Never place a space on either side of a hyphen except when using a
      suspended hyphen, in which case you can leave a space after
      (but not before) the hyphen.


Suspended hyphens
When two or more compound modifiers have a common base, you can keep the
    hyphens but leave out the base for all except the last modifier. In the
    following examples, the base is hour.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one- or two-hour intervals.
Recommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one-, two-, or three-hour intervals.\n\n\n## Compounds\n\nA compound is a term that combines more than one word. Compounds can
    be closed as one word with no spaces, open with spaces between
    words, or hyphenated.\n\n\n### Compound nouns\n\nIn general, write compound nouns in their closed (one-word, unhyphenated)
    form. If you see that
    Merriam-Webster.com uses the
    two-word or hyphenated form, but you see that the closed form is the
    predominant convention in your context or trending in that direction (as
    compounds often do), then use the closed form.\n\nRecommended: webpage\n\nRecommended: hostname\n\nRecommended: tradeoff\n\nRecommended: workaround\n\n\n#### Exceptions\n\nOur word list includes exceptions for
    well-established terms that commonly use a hyphen or a space, such as
    multi-region and style sheet. In some cases, we note that noun,
    verb, and adjective versions of a word are treated differently.\n\nWhen the components of a unit of measurement are multiplied by each other,
    hyphenate them.\n\nRecommended: 5 vCPU-hours\n\nRecommended: 40 person-hours\n\n\n### Compound modifiers before a noun\n\nIf needed for clarity, hyphenate compound modifiers that come before a noun.
  This guideline can be subjective. However, except as noted in
  this section, it's almost never wrong to hyphenate a compound before a
  noun to ensure clarity.\n\nRecommended: A well-designed app\n\nRecommended: Android-specific
    techniques\n\nUse a hyphen after more or most if you need to clarify what
  those words modify.\n\nRecommended: The most common scenario\n\nRecommended: Edge locations with
    more-reliable internet links\n\nIn general, avoid writing compound modifiers that have more than two words.
    Instead, move some words after the noun. If you must use this type of
    compound, then use a hyphen between each word as needed for clarity.

    Recommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition
Recommended:
      cross-data-center replication
Not recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases
Exceptions
Don't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.
Recommended: Publicly available
      implementations
Not recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations
Don't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)
Recommended: A machine
      learning model
When a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.
Recommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)
Compound terms after a verb
In general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.
Recommended: The app is well
    designed.
Recommended: The logs are written
    in real time.
Recommended: The product supports
    high availability.
Recommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.
Recommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.
Recommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.
Exceptions
Some compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.
Recommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.
Recommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.
Recommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.
Recommended: This page is
    customer-facing.
Recommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.
Recommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.\n\nRecommended: test cases
      that are specific to the 2023 edition\n\nRecommended:
      cross-data-center replication\n\nNot recommended:
      edition-2023-specific test cases\n\n\n#### Exceptions\n\nDon't hyphenate adverbs that end in -ly except when needed for clarity.\n\nRecommended: Publicly available
      implementations\n\nNot recommended: Publicly-available
      implementations\n\nDon't use hyphens in compounds that are conventionally not hyphenated. Follow the
    guidance in the word list
    or check the convention in the documentation that you're working with.\n\nRecommended: A managed
      instance group (MIG)\n\nRecommended: A machine
      learning model\n\nWhen a number and unit of measurement combine to modify a noun, don't hyphenate unless
  the hyphen is needed for clarity.\n\nRecommended:
    200 GB disk (200 GB disk)\n\n\n### Compound terms after a verb\n\nIn general, you don't need to add a hyphen to a compound that follows a verb.\n\nRecommended: The app is well
    designed.\n\nRecommended: The logs are written
    in real time.\n\nRecommended: The product supports
    high availability.\n\nRecommended: The app uses techniques
    that are Android specific.\n\nRecommended: Customers can use
    the utility as is.\n\nRecommended: Get profile information
    for the currently authorized user.\n\n\n#### Exceptions\n\nSome compound terms are always hyphenated, even if they follow a verb. To
    check, look the term up in the word list. If it isn't in the
    list, check the Merriam-Webster dictionary.
    As always, follow the convention in the documentation that you're working with.\n\nRecommended: You can deploy the app
    on-premises.\n\nRecommended: The docs describe how
    to create an add-on.\n\nRecommended: The utility works
    with apps that are cloud-based and cloud-adjacent.\n\nRecommended: This page is
    customer-facing.\n\nRecommended: The app is designed
    to be user-friendly.\n\nRecommended: The goal is to produce
    an experience that's game-like.\n\n\n## Range of numbers\n\nUse a hyphen, not an en dash (–),
      to indicate a range of numbers. If a hyphen introduces ambiguity, use words such as
      from, to, and through for clarity. Don't mix hyphens with words.
      For information about how to represent a range of numbers that includes units, see
      Ranges of numbers with units.\n\nRecommended: 8-20 files\n\nRecommended: 5-10 minutes\n\nRecommended: from 8 to 20 files\n\nNot recommended: from 8-20 files\n\n\n## Spaces around hyphens\n\nNever place a space on either side of a hyphen except when using a
      suspended hyphen, in which case you can leave a space after
      (but not before) the hyphen.\n\n\n## Suspended hyphens\n\nWhen two or more compound modifiers have a common base, you can keep the
    hyphens but leave out the base for all except the last modifier. In the
    following examples, the base is hour.\n\nRecommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one- or two-hour intervals.\n\nRecommended: You can set up the system to
    scan for new files at one-, two-, or three-hour intervals.\n